Compliance requirements under the Renters' Rights Act 2025 apply nationally across England. Choose your city for local licensing information and council contacts.
Every landlord in England must comply with the same Act — but local councils enforce licensing differently. Select your city below for specific guidance.
2.7 million private renters across 33 boroughs. Borough-specific additional and selective licensing schemes, strict HMO rules, and the highest rents in England — meaning the highest fine risk.
2.7M
private renters
£2,100/mo
avg rent
33 boroughs
council(s)
Around 70,000 private rentals with selective licensing active in several wards. A large student rental market and high proportion of older housing stock create specific EPC challenges.
~70,000
private renters
£950/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
Over 100,000 private rentals with mandatory HMO licensing and selective licensing schemes. Significant pre-1930 housing stock means damp and mould risk — making Awaab's Law compliance critical.
100,000+
private renters
£825/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
More than 50,000 private rentals with selective licensing in certain areas. Strong university lettings market and back-to-back terraces present unique EPC upgrade challenges.
50,000+
private renters
£800/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
Around 40,000 private rentals with citywide additional licensing for HMOs. Older Georgian and Victorian stock, high rents for the South West, and ongoing rent pressure zone discussions.
~40,000
private renters
£1,200/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
Around 70,000 students drive substantial HMO demand in Smithdown, Wavertree, and Kensington. Article 4 covers the main student belt; history of citywide selective licensing 2015 to 2020.
~60,000
private renters
£780/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
Sheffield and Hallam together host around 60,000 students. Article 4 covers Broomhall, Endcliffe, Crookesmoor, Crookes, Walkley. Stone terraces present specific EPC upgrade challenges.
~55,000
private renters
£750/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
UoN and NTU together host around 60,000 students. Article 4 covers Lenton, Dunkirk, and the Arboretum. History of citywide selective licensing 2018 to 2023.
~50,000
private renters
£820/mo
avg rent
City Council
council(s)
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